Journal: Techniques in Coloproctology

Article Title: Functional luminal imaging probe: a new technique for dynamic evaluation of mechanical properties of the anal canal

doi: 10.1007/s10151-012-0871-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: The anal canal visualized with FLIP ( EP electrode pair). Three-dimensional shape of the anal canal at rest during distension with 20 ( top left ), 30 ( top right ), 40 ( bottom left ) and 50 ( bottom right ) ml. The colors indicate the diameter measured at a specific position. In the upper and lower parts where the diameters are large (approximately 20–24 mm) the balloon is in the rectum or outside the anal verge. The closed part of the anal canal itself ( blue area ) remains at a minimum diameter (around 5 mm) during distension with 20, 30 and 40 ml, but increases in diameter during distension with 50 ml. At 20 ml the small impression made by the puborectalis muscle is seen at the upper end of the anal canal

Article Snippet: For analysis and reconstruction of the three-dimensional shape obtained by FLIP, custom-made analysis software was programmed in MATLAB R2009b (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Article Title: Comparative aerodynamic performance of flapping flight in two bat species using time-resolved wake visualization

doi: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transverse PIV frames (y–z) behind the bats flying at 6 m s−1. (a,c) Downstroke for G. soricina and L. yerbabuenae, respectively, while (b,d) the equivalent upstrokes. The symmetry line behind the bat body is indicated by the black vertical dot-dash line. The in-plane velocity vectors are shown, and the surface colour shows the stream-wise vorticity. During the downstroke, the tip-vortex is visible as the dark blue areas indicated with a grey dot in the centre, and the root vortices are the orange areas indicated with a blue dot. During the upstroke, the reversed vortex dipole is visible as the blue and red vorticity patch connected with a red bar. The vorticity colour bar ranges from −300 to 300 s−1, while vorticity below the threshold of ±60 s−1 is not shown. The reference velocity vector on the bottom left corner of (e) is equal to 10 m s−1. Panel sizes are 175 mm by 205 mm for G. soricina and 200 mm by 205 mm for L. yerbabuenae (width by height).

Article Snippet: The resulting three-component transverse PIV data ({ u, v, w } velocity matrix) are imported into a custom-made Matlab (7.7.0.471, R2008b) PIV analysis program, in which the location, vorticity and circulation of different vortices within a PIV frame can be measured.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation